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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Étude des mécanismes moléculaires responsables de maladies dues à des expansions de répétitions situées dans des régions du génome dites « non-codantes »</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The molecular mechanisms implicated in repeat expansions localized in the “non-coding” regions of the genome in microsatellite expansion diseases</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Maladies génétiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Expansion de répétitions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Maladies neurodégénératives</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Genetic diseases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neurodegeneration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Repeat expansions</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Plus de 50 maladies génétiques sont dues à des expansions de répétitions de nucléotides. Ma thèse a porté sur deux de ces pathologies : la maladie à inclusions intranucléaires neuronales (NIID) et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA). Ces deux maladies neurodégénératives sont dues respectivement à des expansions de répétitions CGG (NIID) ou GGGGCC (SLA). Nous avons montré que bien que situées dans des régions décrites initialement comme non codante, ces répétitions CGG et GGGGCC sont traduites en protéines toxiques. L’expression de ces protéines en modèle cellulaire ou murin reproduisent les caractéristiques histopathologiques et la mort neuronale typique de ces maladies (Boivin et al., EMBO J. 2020 ; Boivin et al., Neuron 2021). Ce travail souligne ainsi l’existence d’un nouveau mécanisme pathologique où des répétitions de nucléotides situées dans des régions dites non codantes sont néanmoins exprimées en protéines toxiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Over 50 human genetic diseases are caused by expansions of tri-, tetra-, penta- or hexanucleotide. My PHD work focused on two of these diseases, Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease (NIID) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These two neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expansions of CGG or GGGGCC repeats, respectively. Interestingly, we found that despite being embedded in genetic regions initially described as “non-coding”, these repeats are nonetheless translated into toxic proteins. Expression of these proteins in cell or animal models recapitulates the histophathological features and neuronal cell death characteristic of these diseases (Boivin et al., EMBO J. 2020; Boivin et al., Neuron 2021). Overall, these results support the existence of a novel pathogenic mechanism in human genetic diseases where expanded repeats located in “non-coding” genetic regions are nevertheless translated into toxic proteins.</dcterms:abstract>
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