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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Effets et mécanismes d'action du BEST-a sur la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana et transfert de l'étude sur une plante d'intérêt agronomique, le soja</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Effects and mechanisms of action of BEST-a on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and transfer of the study to a plant of agronomic interest, soybean</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biostimulant</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stress hydrique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Arabidopsis</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Métabolisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">RNAseq</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Drought stress</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les stérols représentent une large famille de composés lipidiques, divisés essentiellement en deux groupes chez les plantes, les C24-méthylstérols, qui comprennent les brassinostéroïdes,et les C24-éthylstérols, moins étudiés, dont le principal représentant est le β-sitostérol. Les phytostérols remplissent un large éventail de fonctions cellulaires. Composants majeurs de la membrane plasmique, ils contribuent à la régulation de la croissance et du développement des plantes, et leur adaptation aux stress environnementaux. Elicit Plant est une société française d'agrobiotechnologie spécialisée dans l’apport exogène de phytostérols aux plantes. Cette société a développé BEST-a, un biostimulant innovant, composé de phytostérols (majoritairement du ß-sitostérol) associés à un ester de sucre, perméabilisant la cuticule des plantes et augmentant la solubilisation des stérols dans l’eau. Des essais en champs réalisés par Elicit Plant sur le soja et d'autres plantes agricoles ont montré qu’une pulvérisation foliaire de BEST-a améliorait significativement la résilience physiologique et le rendement des cultures confrontées à un déficit hydrique. A l’aide d’approches génétiques, transcriptomiques et métabolomiques menées sur Arabidopsis et le soja, les travaux de ma thèse avaient pour objectif de mettre en évidence les mécanismes d’action des éthylstérols apportés par traitement BEST-a, sur le développement et en réponse à la sécheresse. Les analyses physiologiques ont démontré que l’application de BEST-a améliorait la tolérance des plantes et leur biomasse via une réduction des pertes d’eau par transpiration au niveau des stomates.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Sterols represent a large class of isoprenoid-derived lipids essentially divided into two groups in plants, the C24-methylsterols, which include the brassinosteroids, and the less studied C24-ethylsterols, whose main representative is β-sitosterol. Phytosterols fulfill a wide range of cellular functions in plants, being an integral part of the plasma membrane, they also play a role in plant growth and development, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Elicit Plant is a French agrobiotech company specialized in the exogenous supply of phytosterols to plants.This company has developed BEST-a, an innovative biostimulant, composed of phytosterols (mainly β-sitosterol) associated with a sugar ester, permeabilizing the cuticle of plants and increasing the solubilization of sterols in water. Field experiments performed by Elicit Plant on soybean and other agricultural plants have shown that spraying BEST-a, significantly improves the physiological resilience and yield of crops facing water deficit. Using genetics, transcriptomics and metabolomics on Arabidopsis and soybean, the objective of my thesis was to highlight the mechanisms of action of the ethylsterols provided by BEST-a treatment, on development and in response to drought. Physiological analyses showed that the application of BEST-a improves plant tolerance and biomass via a reduction in water loss by transpiration through the stomata.</dcterms:abstract>
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