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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Essays on economic cycles and pandemics : a theoretical and cliometric analysis</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modèle de Ramsey</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bifurcations</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cliométrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pandémies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Séries temporelles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ramsey model</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans cette thèse, en combinant analyse théorique et cliométrique, nous avons contribué à la compréhension des effets des pandémies et des chocs macroéconomiques sur la stabilité économique. Nous commençons par fusionner un modèle de Ramsey et un modèle épidémiologique SIS. Nous prouvons l'importance de l'origine du flux de pollution sur la dynamique et l'effet ambigu d'une taxe de dépollution. Nous montrons aussi que la part d'asymptomatiques capture l'effet du confinement et que de l'instabilité peut découler de la fusion des deux modèles. Nous poursuivons avec une approche historique en étudiant des bases de données couvrant la période de 1280 à 2018 en France. Nous montrons que l'effet des pandémies est principalement de courte ou moyenne durée sur les variables réelles, contrairement à d'autres types de chocs. Nous identifions des cycles économiques correspondant à des cycles de type Juglar et Kuznets. Ces cycles sont surtout provoqués par des guerres et des crises financières.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this thesis, by combining theoretical analysis and the use of cliometrics, we have contributed to the understanding of how pandemics and, more broadly, macroeconomic shocks can affect economic cycles and stability. We begin by merging a Ramsey model and an SIS epidemiological model. We demonstrate the importance of the origin of the pollution flow on the dynamics and the ambiguous effect of a pollution control tax. We also show that the share of asymptomatic individuals captures the effect of containment and that instability can result from merging the two models. We continue with a historical approach by studying a database covering the period from 1280 to 2018 in France. In this way, we show that the effect of pandemics is mainly of short or medium duration on real variables, as opposed to other types of shocks. Moreover, we identify economic cycles corresponding to Juglar and Kuznets-type cycles. These cycles are mainly triggered by wars and financial crises.</dcterms:abstract>
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