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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Fictions d'enfance : le personnage-enfant dans les récits francophones</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Child fictions : the child character in french speaking naratives</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Littératures francophones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Enfance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fiction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Personnage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Subjectivité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Énonciation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Posture</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">French speaking literatures</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Childhood</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fiction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Character</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Subjectivity</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse se propose d’examiner l’identité du personnage-enfant dans un corpus de huit récits francophones, réunis autour de la notion de « fiction d’enfance » (Le Nez qui voque de Réjean Ducharme, La Vie devant soi de Romain Gary, Le Grand Cahier d’Agota Kristof, Chemin-d’école de Patrick Chamoiseau, La Fille du Gobernator de Paule Constant, Transit d’Abdourahman A. Waberi, Solo d’un revenant de Kossi Efoui et Demain j’aurai vingt ans d’Alain Mabanckou). Par ce terme, nous entendons désigner la manière dont ces œuvres présentent, dans la construction du personnage-enfant, une tension entre deux pôles : des « effets d’enfance » et une mise en avant du leurre du personnage. Nous montrerons que les fictions d’enfance se basent sur des stéréotypes littéraires et socioculturels (comme l’association entre enfance et innocence ou le cliché de l’enfant-victime dans les littératures africaines), que les auteurs se plaisent à démanteler par l’usage de stratégies littéraires diverses, telles les ruptures temporelles du récit, les contradictions dans les perceptions des personnages, le recours à des images suggérant le merveilleux, le fantastique, l’étrange, ou encore des intrusions métatextuelles. Il en résulte un portrait spéculaire et critique du personnage-enfant, que nous examinerons sous l’angle du dédoublement, de la mise en abyme, de la métatextualité et du rapport des protagonistes à la littérature. Nous analyserons ainsi comment les fictions d’enfance de Ducharme, Gary, Kristof, Chamoiseau, Constant, Waberi, Efoui et Mabanckou s’accompagnent d’une réflexion plus générale sur la littérature, dont le personnage-enfant, affichant souvent la double posture du lecteur et de l’écrivain, se fait volontiers le porte-parole. À travers lui, l’auteur peut réfléchir, voire construire, son rapport à sa pratique et à l’institution, jouer avec les codes et les normes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this thesis, we propose to analyze the child character in a corpus consisting of eight francophone novels, gathered around the notion of “child fiction” (Le Nez qui voque by Réjean Ducharme, La Vie devant soi by Romain Gary, Le Grand Cahier by Agota Kristof, Chemin-d’école by Patrick Chamoiseau, La Fille du Gobernator by Paule Constant, Transit by Abdourahman A. Waberi, Solo d’un revenant by Kossi Efoui and Demain j’aurai vingt ans by Alain Mabanckou) The expression “child fiction” depicts the way these novels show, in the construction of the child character, a tension between two poles : “childhood effects” and the lure of the character’s childhood. We will show that child fictions are based on literary and sociocultural stereotypes (like the association between Childhood and innocence or the cliché of the child victim in the African literatures), which the authors seemingly enjoy dismantling with the use of numerous literary strategies, like temporal breaks in the narrative, contradictions between the characters’ perception, images evoking the wondrous, the fantastic, the bizarre, or metatextual intrusions. The result is a critical and specular portrait of the child character, which we will examine from the angle of the duplication, the mise en abyme, the metatextuality, and the protagonists’ relationship to literature. We will thus analyze how the child fictions of Ducharme, Gary, Kristof, Chamoiseau, Constant, Waberi, Efoui and Mabanckou are accompanied by a more general reflection on literature, for which the child character, often displaying a dual posture of reader and writer, makes himself a willing spokesperson. Through him, the author can think, and even construct, his relationship to his practice and his institution, and play with codes and norms.</dcterms:abstract>
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