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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Sur le comportement biomécanique du plexus brachial pour la réparation nerveuse clinique</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plexus brachial</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Brachial plexus</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le plexus brachial est une structure nerveuse complexe, située au niveau cervical, qui est responsable de l’innervation motrice et sensitive du membre supérieur. Ses atteintes sont souvent dévastatrices pour la fonction du membre supérieur dans sa globalité, et de la main en particulier. Le plexus brachial est fréquemment lésé lors d’accidents de la voie publique ou de sport, chez des patients jeunes, mais aussi lors de l’accouchement chez le nouveau-né. Les mécanismes lésionnels sont encore mal élucidés. La chirurgie du plexus brachial est une chirurgie ultraspécialisée, réalisée dans de rares centres et nécessitant une expertise à la fois clinique et technique en microchirurgie. L’abord par voie ouverte du plexus brachial est souvent extensif, responsable d’adhérences et de cicatrices disgracieuses. L’abord endoscopique, diminuant la rançon cicatricielle, a été développé, mais la complexité anatomique du plexus brachial rend la technique opératoire d’autant plus difficile que le champ de vision est très diminué – d’autant plus délicat que de nombreuses structures artérielles, veineuses, pulmonaires, sont à proximité.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The brachial plexus is a complex anatomical structure lying in the cervical region, providing sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb. Brachial plexus injuries are often functionally devastating. The exact mechanisms of brachial plexus injuries are still to be elucidated. Brachial plexus surgery is highly specialized and requires a technical expertise in microsurgery. Both open and endoscopic approaches of the brachial plexus could benefit from numerical modelling. We present in this work a histomorphologic and a mechanical characterization of the brachial plexus, and two mathematical models of its biomechanical behaviour, in order to better understand its traumatic lesions, and to develop numerical models for intraoperative navigation.</dcterms:abstract>
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