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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Étude de la contribution de la végétation et de la géométrie urbaine à l’atténuation de l’îlot de chaleur urbain à Strasbourg : mesures, modélisation et préconisations</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Studying the contribution of vegetation and urban geometry to the urban heat island mitigation in the city of Strasbourg : measurements, modeling and recommendations</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Îlot de chaleur urbain</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Confort thermique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modèles climatiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Végétation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Urban heat island</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Thermal comfort</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vegetation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Couplé au réchauffement climatique global, l’îlot de chaleur urbain (ICU) expose les citadins à de hauts niveaux de stress thermique. Face à ce phénomène, végétaliser les zones et agir sur la géométrie urbaine représentent les solutions d’atténuation les plus prometteuses. Il est cependant nécessaire de s’assurer qu’elles soient à la fois les plus efficaces et les plus réalistes possible. L’objectif majeur de cette thèse est donc d’évaluer la contribution de plusieurs facteurs, en particulier la végétation et la géométrie urbaine, à l’atténuation de l’ICU strasbourgeois afin d’établir des préconisations à destination des urbanistes et aménageurs. Mener à bien cette étude nécessite tout d’abord d’identifier les spécificités du phénomène à Strasbourg et de disposer d’outils fiables permettant de le mesurer et de le modéliser à différentes échelles. Des scénarios d’aménagement sont ensuite simulés afin de déterminer le potentiel de solutions de remédiation à la chaleur urbaine et d’anticiper les conséquences d’un aménagement sur l’ICU et le stress thermique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In addition to the effects of climate change, the urban heat island (UHI) increases city inhabitants’ exposure to high heat stress levels. To fight this phenomenon, the greening of cities and the urban geometry design appear to be the most promising mitigation strategies. Nevertheless, these solutions have to be as effective and realistic as possible. Consequently, this thesis aims to assess the contribution of several factors, particularly vegetation and urban geometry, to the UHI mitigation in Strasbourg city. It will permit to propose recommendations for urban planners and designers. To carry out this study, the first step consists of identifying the specific characteristics of UHI in Strasbourg city. It is also necessary to have relevant tools to measure and model it at different scales. Several planning scenarios were subsequently modelled to determine mitigation solutions, and to investigate the impact of urban development on the UHI and the heat stress.</dcterms:abstract>
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