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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Stabilisation de la nitroglycérine sous forme de composés d’inclusion micronisables par procédé d'évaporation-flash de spray (SFE) ou par imprégnation dans une matrice élastomère</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Stabilization of nitroglycerin in the form of micronisable inclusion compounds by spray flash evaporation (SFE) process or by impregnation in an elastomer matrix</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nitroglycérine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Composé d’inclusion</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matrice polymère</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stabilité</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Inclusion compound</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse a pour objet la stabilisation de la nitroglycérine sous une forme solide. Pour cela, deux procédés innovants, relevant d’un mode de préparation ascendant ont été développés : l’association de la nitroglycérine à une molécule hôte et la synthèse d’une matrice élastomère chargée en nitroglycérine. L’association de la nitroglycérine à une molécule hôte a été étudiée avec trois composés différents (guanazole, sulfamide, mélamine), et par deux méthodes distinctes : l’évaporation lente et le procédé d’évaporation flash de spray (SFE). La caractérisation des matériaux obtenus a montré que la nitroglycérine forme différents types de composés d’inclusion avec ces molécules. La synthèse d’une matrice élastomère chargée en nitroglycérine a été effectuée en polymérisant une huile végétale époxydée au moyen d’acide glutarique, en présence de l’explosif. La nitroglycérine est ainsi piégée dans le polymère. Ce matériau combustible, qui est peu sensible à l’impact, déflagre sans détoner sous l’action d’un détonateur, ce qui ouvre des perspectives d’application intéressantes dans le domaine des poudres propulsives.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This PhD Thesis deals with the stabilization of nitroglycerin in a solid form. To this end, two innovative processes, based on a bottom-up approach have been developed: the association of nitroglycerin with a host matrix and the synthesis of a polyester elastomer matrix loaded with nitroglycerin. The association of nitroglycerin to a host matrix has been studied with three different compounds (guanazole, sulfamide, melamine), using two distinct preparation methods: the slow evaporation and the spray flash evaporation process (SFE). The characterization of the obtained materials has shown that nitroglycerin forms different types of inclusion compounds with these molecules. The synthesis of an elastomeric matrix loaded with nitroglycerin has been done by the polymerization of epoxidized vegetal oil using glutaric acid a cross-linking agent, in presence of the explosive. Nitroglycerin is thus trapped in the polymer. This combustible material, which exhibits a low sensitivity to impact, deflagrates without detonating under the action of a detonator. This characteristic opens up application perspectives in the domain of the propulsive powders.</dcterms:abstract>
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