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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Suspended van der Waals heterostructures : from optical spectroscopy to opto-electro-mechanics</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Hétérostructures de van der Waals suspendues : de la spectroscopie optique à l’opto-électro-mécanique</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matériaux bidimensionnels</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hétérostructures de van der Waals</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spectroscopie Raman</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spectroscopie de photoluminescence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanomécanique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Opto-électro-mécanique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Effets diélectriques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Effets de contraintes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Two-dimensional materials</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Van der Waals heterostructures</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Raman spectroscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photoluminescence spectroscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nanomechanics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Opto-electro-mechanics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dielectric screening</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une étude des propriétés physiques de matériaux bidimensionnels et d’hétérostructures de van der Waals en combinant des techniques de spectroscopie optique et de nanomécanique. En premier lieu, nous nous intéressons à l’influence de l’environnement sur la réponse optique de matériaux bidimensionnels. Nous étudions la réponse en photoluminescence et le spectre Raman de monocouches de dichalcogénures de métaux de transition (TMD) suspendues et soumises à une forte excitation laser. Nos résultats mettent en évidence la formation d’une phase dense d’électrons et de trous sur une monocouche de disulfurede molybdène (MoS2) ainsi qu’une forte conversion d’excitons en trions sur une monocouche de disulfure de tungstène (WS2). Le cas de monocouches de graphène est étudié en analysant l’évolution des fréquences des phonons optiques, obtenues par micro-spectroscopie Raman, en fonction de l’environnement diélectrique. Cette étude démontre que la sensibilité d’un mode de phonon du graphène vis-à-vis de l’écrantage diélectrique dépend de sa symétrie. Enfin, nous démontrons sur un nano-résonateur mécanique en forme de tambour dont la membrane vibrante est constituée d’une hétérostructure de van der Waals, qu’il est possible de modifier et contrôler électro-mécaniquement la réponse optique de l’hétérostructure utilisée. Ce travail montre que l’architecture en nanotambours permet d’appliquer une contrainte ajustable tout en modifiant le niveau de dopage et ouvre la voie vers le développement de dispositifs opto-électro-mécaniques dont les caractéristiques sont contrôlables avec une grande précision.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this thesis, we present an investigation of the physical properties of two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures by combining optical spectroscopy and nanomechanical measurements. First, we investigate how the environment surrounding the material affects its optical properties. We study the photoluminescence and Raman spectra of suspended semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) monolayers submitted to a strong laser excitation. We show that a dense electron-hole phase can be formed in monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and observe a strong excitons to trions conversion in tungsten disulfide (WS2).The case of graphene is investigated through a systematic analysis of the evolution of the optical phonon frequencies in monolayer graphene by the means of micro-Raman spectroscopy in order to understand the role of dielectric screening. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of a phononmode in graphene towards dielectric screening is determined by its symmetry. Finally, we use a drum-like mechanical resonator where a van der Waals heterostructure acts as a vibrating membrane, to study the interplay between the mechanical degrees of freedom of the resonator and the optical response of the used heterostructure. This work demonstrates that the drum-like sample architecture allows to control the strain and doping levels and paves the way to the development of finely tunable opto-electro-mechanical systems such as light sources and detectors.</dcterms:abstract>
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