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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Conception de navettes peptidique sélectives au cuivre afin de prévenir la toxicité du complexe Cu-amyloïde-b lié à la maladie d'Alzeimer</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Design of copper-selective peptide shuttles to prevent toxicity of the Cu-amyloid-β complex linked to Alzheimer's disease</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Médicament contre la maladie d'Alzheimer</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Amyloïde-β</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ionophore</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Composés atténuant les protéines métalliques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Alzheimer’s disease drug</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est la maladie neurodégénérative la plus répandue et se caractérise parl'apparition, dans des parties spécifiques du cerveau, d'enchevêtrements neurofibrillairesintracellulaires et de plaques amyloïdes extracellulaires. Ces dernières résultent d'un métabolismeanormal de « Amyloid-beta precursor protein » (APP) conduisant à l'accumulation d'Aβ dans desplaques. Des analyses ex vivo du cerveau des patients atteints de la MA, montre une concentrationanormalement élevée de Cu, Zn et Fe dans ces plaques. D'autres études ont démontré que seul leniveau de Cu était diminué dans tout le cerveau et dans les régions fortement touchées par la MA.Cette carence s'accompagne d'une diminution des niveaux de Cu neuronal ainsi que d'uneaugmentation du Cu extracellulaire « labile » où ce dernier participe à la génération d'espècesréactives de l'oxygène (ROS). Pour corriger cette dyshoméostasie du Cu dans le cerveau des patientsatteints de MA, nous avons conçu et synthétisé des nouvelles navettes peptidiques sélectives pourle Cu(II), capable de récupérer le Cu de l'Aβ extracellulaire et de libérer le Cu à l'intérieur des cellules.Cette thèse détaille d'abord la caractérisation physico-chimique de ces nouvelles navettespeptidiques, puis elle se poursuit par des études in cellulo sur les cellules PC12, utilisées commemodèle neuronale de la MA. Enfin, nous avons étudié la capacité de nos navettes à protéger destranches organotypiques d'hippocampe (OHSC) contre l’impact de niveaux élevés de Cuextracellulaire.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">To date Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease with hallmarksincluding the apparition, in specific parts of the brain, of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles andextracellular amyloid plaques. The latter results from an abnormal metabolism of Amyloid-betaprecursor protein (APP) leading to the accumulation of Aβ in plaques. Ex vivo analysis of AD patients’brains, show an abnormally elevated concentration of Cu, Zn and Fe in these plaques. Further studiesdemonstrated reduced Cu levels in the entire brain and more specifically in regions heavily affectedin AD. This decrease is accompanied by a decline in neuronal Cu levels and by an increase inextracellular labile Cu promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. To correct this Cudyshomeostasis in the brain of AD patients, we designed and synthesized novel Cu(II)-selectivepeptide shuttles, capable of retrieving Cu from extracellular Aβ and releasing Cu inside cells. Thisthesis details, firstly the physico-chemical characterization of novel peptide shuttles, followed by incellulo studies using PC12 cells as neuronal model of AD. Finally, we investigated the ability of ourshuttles to protect organotypic hippocampal slices (OHSCs) from Cu insult.</dcterms:abstract>
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