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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse présente une approche expérimentale pour contrôler le paysage énergétique d'une particule Brownienne piégée par ingénierie du bain thermique par pression de radiation modulée stochastiquement. Cette approche permet la mesure des coûts énergétiques et entropiques impliqués dans les protocoles hors-équilibre dépendant du temps. Ces coûts permettent de définir des protocoles isothermes et isochores (changements de température dans un potentiel constant) optimaux et de révéler des propriétés intéressantes, telles qu'une asymétrie entre processus de chauffe et de refroidissement. Pour obtenir une description thermodynamique cohérente, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer l'entropie du système le long d'une trajectoire stochastique, basée sur la relation entre le micro-état instantané de non-équilibre et le macro-état d'équilibre correspondant. Ce travail étudie la mécanique et de la thermodynamique des processus Browniens isothermes et isochores hors équilibre.</dcterms:abstract>
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