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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">AquADN : l’ADN environnemental comme descripteur des plantes aquatiques et indicateur environnemental</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Metabarcoding</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Milieux lotiques</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lotic ecosystems</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L'utilisation des méthodes ADN environnemental (ADNe) pour l’identification des macro-organismes a connu un grand essor ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives en permettant l’identification d’espèces à partir de différentes matrices environnementales. Le metabarcoding, permettant la détection simultanée d’espèces dans un même échantillon, trouve des applications croissantes en écologie pour le suivie des communautés animales et végétales. Cependant, son utilisation dans l’étude des plantes reste limitée en raison de verrous méthodologiques importants détaillés dans ce travail de thèse. D’abord, nous relevons un des principaux obstacles : le choix des marqueurs génétiques et d’amorces. A partir des résultats dégagés nous réalisons une étude comparative entre des relevés de terrain et l’approche metabarcoding multi-marqueur dans des rivières de tête de bassin. Dans une preuve de concept, le metabarcoding est ensuite utilisé pour identifier la végétation composant le socio-hydrosystème Rhénan entre Bâle et Strasbourg. Enfin, nous discutons de l’intégration de ces éléments dans les futurs développements de la méthode.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for the identification of macro-organisms has witness substantial progress, offering novel prospects through the facilitation of species identification from diverse environmental matrices (water, soil, etc.). Metabarcoding, enabling simultaneous detection of species in a single sample, is finding increasing applications in ecology for monitoring animal and plant communities. However, its application in plant studies remains limited due to significant methodological challenges detailed in this thesis. Firstly, we address one of the major obstacles: the selection of genetic markers and primers. We then conducted a comparative study between a multi-marker metabarcoding approach and field floristic surveys along oligotrophic headwater rivers. In a proof-of-concept study, the method is then used to identify the plant community within the socio-hydrosystem of the Rhine between Basel and Strasbourg. Finally, we discuss the integration of these elements in future methodological developments, as well as ongoing projects aimed at addressing these advancements.</dcterms:abstract>
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