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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Régulation de la balance énergétique en conditions environnementales extrêmes : inférence sur la régulation du poids chez l’humain</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Balance énergétique</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La conquête de nouveaux horizons étant le propre l’humanité, elle a imposé aux individus de repousser leurs limites en s’acclimatant aux contraintes de l’environnement, jusqu’à certaines limites. La nutrition inadaptée aux besoins énergétiques en condition extrême est une de ces limites et impose aux participants de considérer la régulation de la balance énergétique comme une priorité. Cette thèse a pour objectif de quantifier objectivement les besoins énergétiques des individus en conditions environnementales extrêmes, ainsi que les changements de composition corporelle associés. Si la régulation de cette balance s’adapte aux perturbations légères grâce à la mise en place de mécanismes compensatoires, les résultats des modèles extrêmes utilisé dans ce travail de thèse montrent les limites de cette régulation en dehors d’un certain niveau d’activité physique dues à un découplage entre les apports et les dépenses énergétiques. Or, la capacité à maintenir une balance énergétique négative sur le long terme reste méconnue en raison de la nature diverse des compensations pouvant être stimulées, de la nature du déficit ou encore des caractéristiques individuelles des participants.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The conquest of new horizons being the own of humanity, it compelled to individuals to push away their limits by acclimatize to the constraints of the environment, at least until certain limits. The mismatch between nutrition and energy requirements in extreme environment is one of these limits, and compels individuals to consider energy balance regulation as a priority. This thesis aims to objectively quantify individuals’ energy requirements in extreme conditions, and the associated body composition changes. While the regulation of energy balance is effective to face light disturbances on one component or another because of compensatory mechanisms, results from extreme models used in the present thesis show the limits of this regulation outside a certain range of physical activity level, mostly because of a mismatch between energy intakes and expenditures. However, the capacity to sustain a negative energy balance during prolonged period is poorly known, partly because of the broad range of compensatory mechanisms at play, but also the nature of the deficit or individuals’ characteristics.</dcterms:abstract>
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