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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Étude de la mécanodétection et de la mécanotransduction des mégacaryocytes face à la rigidité et au confinement de l’environnement médullaire</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Study of the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction of megakaryocytes in response to the rigidity and confinement of the marrow environment</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mégacaryocyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mécanobiologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rigidité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Confinement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Proplaquettes</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Canaux calciques mécanosensibles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Megakaryocyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mechanobiology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rigidity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Confinement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Proplatelets</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Integrins</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les mégacaryocytes se différencient à l’intérieur de la moelle osseuse où ils sont confinés dans un environnement 3D peu rigide. Cependant les mécanismes de formation des plaquettes et leur dépendance vis-à-vis des propriétés mécaniques de la moelle osseuse sont loin d’être maitrisés. Ce travail de thèse vise à décrypter comment le confinement, la rigidité et l’interaction avec la matrice extracellulaire influencent la différenciation des mégacaryocytes et quel est l’impact de ces contraintes mécaniques sur la formation des plaquettes. Les travaux réalisés ont permis de montrer que les principaux mécanorécepteurs impliqués dans le ressenti de la rigidité de la fibronectine sont les intégrines β3 et que l’interaction fibronectine-intégrine joue un rôle important dans la formation des proplaquettes. Ces travaux ont également mis en évidence que le confinement, mimé par culture en 3D, contribue à contrôler in fine l’extension des proplaquettes via l’activation de RhoA, et que la sortie du confinement potentialise l’extension des proplaquettes au travers de l’activation des canaux calciques mécanosensibles TRPV2 et TRPV4.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Megakaryocytes differentiate within the bone marrow where they are confined in a soft 3D environment. However, the mechanisms of platelet formation and their dependence on bone marrow mechanical properties are far from being understood. This thesis aims at deciphering how confinement, rigidity and interaction with the extracellular matrix influence the differentiation of megakaryocytes and what is the impact of these mechanical constraints on platelet formation. The work carried out showed that the main mechanoreceptors involved in the fibronectin stiffness sensing are β3 integrins and that the fibronectin-integrin interaction plays an important role in proplatelet formation. This work also highlighted that confinement, mimicked by 3D culture, ultimately controls proplatelet extension via RhoA activation, and that exit from confinement potentiates proplatelet extension through activation of the mechanosensitive calcium channels TRPV2 and TRPV4.</dcterms:abstract>
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