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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Role of human Dicer helicase domain upon viral infection</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Rôle du domaine hélicase de la protéine Dicer humaine lors de l’infection virale</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dicer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Virus</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réponse interféron</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Viruses</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Interferon response</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="08522457X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">ARN interférence</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les cellules eucaryotes font face aux infections virales grâce à deux réponses immunitaires : l’interférence à l’ARN (ARNi) chez les invertébrés et les plantes et la réponse interféron de type I (IFN-I) chez les mammifères. Chez ces derniers, le rôle de l’ARNi dans la réponse antivirale est débattu, malgré la présence d’une machinerie active. Dans le cadre de ce projet, j’ai étudié le rôle du domaine hélicase du Dicer humain lors de l’infection virale. Le domaine hélicase permet l’interaction avec de nombreux partenaires de la voie de l’IFN-I dont la kinase PKR, qui est alors régulée. De plus, un mutant de délétion de ce domaine, Dicer N1, est antiviral contre les alphavirus et les enterovirus et cela indépendamment de son activité catalytique. J’ai montré que la présence de PKR mais pas de son activité catalytique est nécessaire à l’activité antivirale de N1. De plus, dans les cellules N1 non infectées, un groupe de gènes liés à la réponse antivirale est sur-exprimé et sous contrôle de facteurs de transcription de l’immunité dont NF-kB. J’ai ainsi identifié un rôle non-canonique du domaine hélicase de Dicer qui renforce l’idée d’une connexion entre ARNi et IFN-I.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Eukaryotic cells face viral infections through two immune responses: RNA interference (RNAi) in invertebrates and plants, and the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in mammals. In mammals, the role of RNAi in the antiviral response is debated, despite the presence of an active machinery. In this project, I investigated the role of the helicase domain of human Dicer during viral infection. The helicase domain allows interaction with numerous IFN-I-derived partners, including the PKR kinase, which is thus regulated. In addition, a deletion mutant of this domain, Dicer N1, is antiviral against alphaviruses and enteroviruses, independently of its catalytic activity. I have shown that the presence of PKR but not its catalytic activity is necessary for the antiviral activity of N1. Furthermore, in uninfected N1 cells, a group of genes linked to antiviral defense is over-expressed and under the control of immune transcription factors including NF-kB. I have thus identified a non-canonical role for Dicer helicase domain, reinforcing the idea of a crosstalk between RNAi and IFN-I.</dcterms:abstract>
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