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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Ongoing selective forces driving King penguin evolution</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Comment les forces sélectives façonnent l’évolution des manchots royaux</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hypothèse du décalage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fardeau génétique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plasticité phénotypique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Viabilité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réponse adaptative prédictive</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Manchot royal</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Match-mismatch</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Genetic load</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phenotypic plasticity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Viability selection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Predictive adaptive response</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">King penguin</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033152764" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Manchot royal</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Selon l’hypothèse du décalage, une mauvaise adéquation entre la reproduction et le pic de ressources alimentaires réduit la qualité des individus. Cela peut aussi engendrer des réponses adaptatives, dans des conditions environnementales variables. C’est pourquoi nous avons testé l’effet d’un décalage phénologique sur le potentiel adaptatif d’une population sauvage; en comparant les génomes, les transcriptomes et les données d’histoire de vie d’individus nés précocement (conditions favorables, match) à ceux nés tardivement (conditions défavorables, mismatch). Au sein d’une population de manchots royaux, les poussins nés tardivement ont montré un fardeau génétique plus faible, une régulation positive de gènes liés à l'efficacité de la croissance et à la suppression de tumeurs; tout en ayant une survie après envol similaire. Ces résultats démontrent une sélection plus forte des individus de meilleure qualité en mismatch, et confortent le rôle adaptatif du décalage temporel dans la nature.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">According to life history theory, the most energetically costly activities should match the period of highest resource abundance, which otherwise will result in a mismatch. Even if mismatches usually reduce individual fitness, they may provide quick adaptive responses when external environmental conditions are variable. Here, we assessed whether mismatches can increase the adaptive potential of a population by comparing genomes, transcriptomes, and life history data derived from individuals born under match (early) and mismatch (late) conditions in a wild population of king penguins. Late-borns showed a lower accumulation of highly deleterious mutations, suggesting lower genetic load in comparison to the early group. The late group also showed an upregulation of genes related to growth efficiency and tumour suppression. Finally, we detected patterns of equal post-fledging survival in both phenological groups, supporting the hypothesis on the adaptive role of mismatch in nature.</dcterms:abstract>
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