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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude des mécanismes cellulaires liés à l’alloimmunisation plaquettaire post-transfusionnelle et à l’état réfractaire associé</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Study of cellular mechanisms related to post-transfusion platelet alloimmunization and the associated refractory state</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plaquettes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Alloimmunisation plaquettaire post-transfusionnelle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">État réfractaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anticorps anti-HLA de classe I</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Platelets</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Post-transfusion platelet alloimmunisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Refractory state</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les plaquettes jouent un rôle vital en assurant l'hémostase. En cas de thrombopénie sévère, des transfusions de concentrés plaquettaires sont nécessaires pour éviter ou stopper des complications hémorragiques. Ces transfusions peuvent être à l'origine d'alloimmunisation plaquettaire post-transfusionnelle i.e. une production d'alloanticorps par le receveur dirigée contre les molécules HLA-I du donneur. L'alloimmunisation est asymptomatique en tant que telle mais complique significativement la prise en charge transfusionnelle ultérieure de ces patients. En effet, les alloanticorps anti-HLA-I présents chez le receveur peuvent conduire à une élimination rapide des plaquettes nouvellement transfusées entraînant ainsi une inefficacité thérapeutique de la transfusion, définissant un état réfractaire. L'objectif de ce travail de recherche a été d'étudier les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires conduisant à l'alloimmunisation plaquettaire post-transfusionnelle et l'état réfractaire associé. Ainsi, i) nous avons identifié les lymphocytes B de la zone marginale, une sous populations de lymphocytes B spléniques, comme un élément central de la réponse alloimmune plaquettaire post-transfusionnelle en utilisant un modèle murin; d'autre part ii) nous avons montré que les sous classes d'IgG anti-HLA-I impactent l'effet des anticorps sur les plaquettes par des mécanismes d'activation différents. Ensemble, nos résultats pourraient avoir des applications directes pour la prise en charge des patients alloimmunisés et le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques pour prévenir les états réfractaires.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Platelets play a vital role in hemostasis. In cases of severe and persistent thrombocytopenia, multiple transfusions of platelet concentrates are necessary to prevent or stop hemorrhagic complications. These transfusions may cause post-transfusion platelet alloimmunization, i.e. the production of alloantibodies by the recipient directed against the donor's HLA-| molecules. Alloimmunisation is asymptomatic, but it significantly complicates the subsequent transfusion management of these patients. Indeed, anti-HLA-I alloantibodies present in the recipient can lead to rapid elimination of newly transfused platelets, resulting in ineffectiveness of the transfusion, which defines a refractory state. The aim of this research was to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to post-transfusion platelet alloimmunisation and the associated refractory state. Thus, i) we identified marginal zone B lymphocytes, a subpopulation of splenic B lymphocytes, as a central component of the platelet alloimmune response following transfusion in a murine model; and ii) we showed that IgG subclasses of anti-HLA-I impact the antibody's effect on platelets via different activation mechanisms. Taken together, our results could have direct applications for the management of alloimmunized patients and the development of new therapeutic strategies to</dcterms:abstract>
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