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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le pèlerinage à la Mecque : enjeux historico-religieux de la djâhiliyya</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The pilgrimage to Mecca : historical and religious issues of the djâhiliyya</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pèlerinage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mecque</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ḥidjaz</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Histoire des religions</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Commerce</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rite de passage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Kaʿba</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ḥums</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Iḥrâm</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Expédition de l’Éléphant</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ḥidjaz</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Commerce</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rite of passage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Kaʿba</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Iḥrâm</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse se propose d’analyser l’évolution du pèlerinage mecquois, pratique qui deviendra avec l’islam l’un de cinq piliers de la foi musulmane. En ce sens, nous avons identifié certains aspects politiques et religieux ayant permis son passage d’un rituel à caractère local à une pratique relativement unitaire, concentrée autour du ḥaram et coordonnée par une catégorie supra tribale. Le premier de ces aspects a trait à la situation politique ayant fait prospérer l’activité commerciale des Qurayshites et influençant, de manière décisive, le pèlerinage. L’analyse se focalise donc sur ce rapport entre le pèlerinage et la pratique du commerce, démontrant ainsi que cette dernière joue un rôle essentiel dans l’institutionnalisation du pèlerinage. En outre, les voyages réguliers entrepris dans cette démarche spécifique, ce qu’on appelle migration commerciale, comportaient aussi une dimension religieuse, les transformant souvent en un véritable rite de passage. Le second aspect sur lequel se construit notre recherche débute par un événement marquant pour l’histoire préislamique, à savoir la célèbre Expédition de l’Éléphant. Ainsi, la sauvegarde miraculeuse de la Kaʿba et le châtiment de ceux voulant la détruire ont donné aux Qurayshites la légitimité de gérer le pèlerinage, élément ayant mené à la création d’une catégorie supra-tribale, les ḥums. A la suite d’une réorganisation sur le plan politique et religieux de la Mecque et de la pratique du pèlerinage, les ḥums ont réussi à en faire un rituel relativement homogène.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis aims to analyze the evolution of the pilgrimage to Mecca, a practice that constitutes in Islam one of the five pillars of the faith. In this framework, we have identified certain political and religious aspects that allowed its transition from a local ritual to a relatively unitary practice, concentrated around the ḥaram and coordinated by a supra-tribal category. The first key element relates to the political circumstances that made the commercial activity to the Quraysh prosper, thus decisively influencing the pilgrimage. This analysis focuses on the relationship between pilgrimage and the practice of commerce and demonstrates that the latter plays an essential role in the institutionalization of pilgrimage. In addition, the regular journeys undertaken in this specific process, what we call commercial migration, also included a religious dimension, often transforming them into a true rite of passage. The second key dimension of the research begins with a significant event in pre-Islamic history, namely the famous Elephant Expedition. Thus, the miraculous preservation of the Kaʿba and the punishment of those wanting to destroy it gave the Quraysh the legitimacy to manage the pilgrimage, an element that led to the creation of a supra-tribal category, the ḥums. Following a political and religious reorganization of Mecca and the practice of pilgrimage, the ḥums succeeded in making it a relatively homogeneous ritual.</dcterms:abstract>
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