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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Asymptotic invariants of flows in dimension 3</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Invariants asymptotiques de flots en dimension 3</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Invariants asymptotiques</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objectif de cette thèse est de démontrer de nouveaux résultats sur les invariants asymptotiques de flots en dimension 3. Ces nouveaux invariants proviennent d’invariants utilisés en théorie des nœuds qui peuvent être généralisés aux champs de vecteurs en suivant la méthode d’Arnol’d. Nous définissons dans un premier temps le «nombre de ponts» des champs de vecteurs et démontrons plusieurs résultats au sujet de sa continuité, sa relation avec le «nombre de ponts» asymptotique et avec deux autres invariants asymptotiques, l’hélicité et le tronc des champs de vecteurs. Nous prouvons ensuite l’existence du genre asymptotique pour les champs de vecteurs dextrogyres préservant un volume ergodique. Nous montrons que ce genre asymptotique est égal à la moitié de l’hélicité dans ce cas.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The aim of this thesis is to prove new results on asymptotic invariants of flows in dimension 3. These new invariants come from invariants used in knot theory, which can be generalised to vector fields following Arnol’d’s method. We first define the bridge number of vector fields and show some results on its continuity, its relation to the asymptotic bridge number and to two other asymptotic invariants, the helicity and the trunkunness of vector fields. We then prove the existence of the asymptotic genus for right-handed vector fields preserving an ergodic volume. We show that in this case the asymptotic genus is equal to half the helicity.</dcterms:abstract>
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