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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Reconstruction laryngo-trachéale à partir de matériaux protéiques et d’ingénierie tissulaire</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Trachée</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biomatériaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Albumine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ingénie tissulaire</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Trachea</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La majorité des lésions de segments courts de la trachée sont traitées par résection puis anastomose directe termino-terminale. Pour les segments longs, il est nécessaire de procéder à une reconstruction anatomique. Notre objectif était de construire un substitut trachéal purement protéique. Avant d'aborder l'élaboration d'un tube de plusieurs centimètres de long, nous avons réalisé des membranes d'albumine de quelques millimètres de diamètre et d'épaisseur, constituées d'une couche lisse et d'une couche poreuse, respectivement destinées au développement d'un épithélium (face endoluminale de la trachée) et de cartilage (structure de soutien de la trachée). La mise en culture de cet échafaudage bicouche, en présence de chondrocytes sur la couche poreuse, montre une régénération de cartilage homogène, mature et viable de type hyalin, reproduisant la structure du cartilage naturel. Par la suite, nous avons réalisé un tube bicouche pour nous rapprocher de la forme de la trachée. Ce changement d'échelle ("scale up") a demandé la conception et la fabrication d'un bioréacteur pour permettre la culture cellulaire sur cet échafaudage. Ces travaux offrent une nouvelle voie de recherche pour la reconstruction trachéale, préambule aux reconstructions laryngées.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The majority of short tracheal segment lesions are treated by resection followed by direct end-to-end anastomosis. For longer segments, anatomical reconstruction is required. Our aim was to construct a purely protein-based tracheal substitute. Before building a tube several centimetres long, we produced albumin membranes a few millimetres in diameter and thickness, consisting of a smooth layer and a porous layer, respectively intended for the development of an epithelium (endoluminal face of the trachea) and cartilage (supporting structure of the trachea). The culture of this bilayered scaffold, in the presence of chondrocytes on the porous layer, shows a regeneration of homogeneous, mature and viable hyaline-type cartilage, reproducing the structure of natural cartilage. We then created a bilayered tube to approximate the shape of the trachea. This “scale up” required the design and manufacture of a bioreactor to enable cell culture on this scaffold. This work opens up a new avenue of research for tracheal reconstruction, as a prelude to laryngeal reconstruction.</dcterms:abstract>
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