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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Driven microparticles interacting with lipid vesicles : from wrapping by optical tweezers to autonomous active particle engulfment</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Interaction microparticules-vésicules géantes : de l'enveloppement par pinces optiques à l'engloutissement autonome de particules actives</dcterms:alternative>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">: Les interactions entre des corps de taille micro- ou nanométrique et les membranes lipidiques, agissant comme des barrières à l'échelle cellulaire, régissent de nombreux mécanismes se produisant lors de phénomènes allant de l'infection virale et la propagation intercellulaire à la délivrance de médicaments et l'exposition des cellules aux microplastiques. La déformation de ces membranes molles et fluctuantes par une particule, soit sous l'effet d'une force externe, soit par la force de propulsion de la particule, peut entraîner des transitions de forme de la membrane dans des processus biologiques élémentaires tels que l'endocytose, même en l'absence de machinerie biologique. Dans cette thèse, les principes physiques régissant les transitions de forme menant à l'endocytose dans un système modèle, sans interactions spécifiques, sont étudiés en provoquant l'engloutissement avec des pinces optiques ou en utilisant des particules Janus actives.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Interactions between micro- or nanometric-sized entities and lipid membranes, acting as barriers at the cellular scale, govern many mechanisms occurring during phenomena ranging from viral infection and intercellular spread to drug delivery and cell exposure to microplastics. The deformation of these soft fluctuating membranes by a particle, either driven by an external force or by the particle's propulsion force, can lead to membrane shape transitions taking place in elementary biological processes such as endocytosis, even in the absence of biological machinery. In this thesis, the physical principles governing the shape transitions leading to endocytosis in a model system without specific interactions are investigated by driving the engulfment with optical tweezers or using active Janus particles.</dcterms:abstract>
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