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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Études physicochimiques de N-acylaminoacides et amides gras comme oléogélateurs</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Physicochemical studies of N-acylaminoacids and fatty amides as oleogelators</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Organogélateurs</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Huiles alimentaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diagramme de phase</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rhéologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Organogelators</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oléogels</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Edible oils</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phase diagrams</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Pour gélifier les huiles, on utilise des organogélateurs. Ces molécules s’auto-assemblent en réseaux fibrillaires, conférant ainsi aux huiles des propriétés mécaniques proches de celles d’un solide. Ces composés trouvent des applications industrielles : dans le secteur alimentaire, pour remplacer les graisses animales néfastes par des huiles végétales plus saines ; en cosmétique, pour des formulations à base d’huiles. Cette thèse s’est concentrée sur le développement de nouveaux oléogélateurs, des composés endogènes et naturellement assimilables. Nous avons étudié les propriétés thermodynamiques et rhéologiques de leurs gels dans des huiles alimentaires, et établi les diagrammes de phase c-T de ces systèmes. La structure des agrégats a été étudiée par microscopie et diffusion des rayons X. Les résultats montrent l’existence de transitions gel-gel, dues à un polymorphisme des agrégats. Ce polymorphisme explique comment les propriétés varient et peuvent être ajustées avec l’histoire thermique. Pour établir les diagrammes de phase de façon plus rapide et précise que par DSC et rhéologie, nous avons optimisé l’utilisation de la RMN à température variable dans une huile deutérée. La combinaison de ces approches permet d’améliorer l’optimisation des gels pour les applications ciblées.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In order to gel the oils, we can use organogelators: these small compounds self-assemble into fibrillar networks, thus providing the oils with mechanical properties close to solid. These compounds are used in the food applications to replace animal fats, negative for health, with healthier vegetable oils; in cosmetics they are used for oil-based formulations. This thesis focuses on the development of new oleogelators, endogenous and naturally assimilable compounds. We studied the thermodynamic and rheological properties of their gels in edible oils and established the c-T phase diagrams of these systems. The structure of the aggregates was studied by microscopy and X-ray scattering. The results show the existence of gel-gel transitions, due to polymorphism of the aggregates. This polymorphism explains how the properties vary and can be controlled with thermal history. To establish the phase diagrams more quickly and accurately than by DSC and rheology, we optimized the use of NMR at variable temperature in a deuterated oil. The combination of these approaches improves the optimization of the gel properties for the targeted applications.</dcterms:abstract>
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