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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude de la métalloenzyme IspH, une cible pour le développement de nouveaux agents antibactériens</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Investigation of the IspH metalloenzyme, a target for the development of novel abtibacterial agents</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Metalloenzyme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Catalyse enzymatique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">IspH</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">LytB</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">E. coli</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">[4Fe-4S]2+</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Déshydroxylation réductrice</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spectroscopies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Metalloenzyme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Enzyme catalysis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">IspH</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LytB</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">E. coli</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">[4Fe-4S]2+</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Reductive dehydroxylation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">IspH est la dernière enzyme de la voie du méthylérythritol phosphate qui produit les deux précurseurs nécessaires à la biosynthèse de tous les isoprénoïdes. Cette métalloenzyme est essentielle à la survie de nombreux microorganismes dont des bactéries pathogènes et le parasite responsable du paludisme. Etant absente chez l’humain, IspH est une cible de choix pour le développement de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens. En utilisant une approche pluridisciplinaire combinant biologie moléculaire, enzymologie, spectroscopies Raman, Mössbauer et cristallographie, l’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier le mécanisme d’IspH et plus particulièrement les paramètres qui gouvernent la formation des deux produits dans un ratio défini. Plusieurs mutants d’IspH d’E coli ont été produits, étudiés et caractérisés, et les résultats ont mis en évidence des acides aminés importants pour l’activité enzymatique et aussi pour maintenir le ratio des deux produits. Lors des études biophysiques, ces mutants ont révélé des différences au niveau de leur cofacteur, un centre [4Fe4S]2+, et de leur façon de lier le substrat par rapport à l’enzyme de type sauvage. IspH a pour la première fois été étudiée par spectroscopie Raman et une analyse détaillée a été menée.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">IspH is the last enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway which produces the two precursors needed for the biosynthesis of all isoprenoids. This metalloenzyme is essential for the survival of many microorganisms, among them pathogenic bacteria and the parasite responsible for malaria. Being absent in humans, IspH is a suitable target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Using a multidisciplinary approach combining molecular biology, enzymology, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and crystallography, the objective of this thesis was to understand the mechanism of IspH and especially the formation of the two products in a defined ratio. Several mutants were produced, studied and characterized, and the results shed light on some amino acids which are important for the enzyme activity and for maintaining the ratio of the two products. During biophysical studies, these mutants revealed differences in their cofactor, a [4Fe4S]2+ cluster, and in their way to bind the substrate as compared to the wild type enzyme. IspH has for the first time been studied using Raman spectroscopy and a detailed analysis was conducted.</dcterms:abstract>
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