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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Key mechanisms in early metabolism : investigation of a nonenzymatic analog of gluconeogenesis</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hydratation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Synthèse monotope</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gluconeogenesis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’étude de mécanismes biologiques fondamentaux, notamment ceux retrouvés dans la gluconéogenèse. L’étude de la première étape nous a permis de comprendre qu’un mécanisme non-enzymatique et unique de phosphorylation, celui de la formation de phosphate d’acyle aurait été suffisant pour former tous les métabolites phosphorylés centraux. L’étude de la seconde étape nous a permis de débloquer un ensemble de conditions applicables à toutes les hydratations retrouvées au cœur du métabolisme ouvrant ainsi la voie au développement de réseaux réactionnels complexes. Enfin grâce à l’étude individuelle de chaque transformation de la gluconéogenèse, nous avons pu comprendre les prérequis de chacune et ainsi développer des séquences monotopes de réactions. Ainsi, la plupart des transformations de la gluconéogenèse ont été reproduites de manière non-enzymatique, celles-ci montrant de fortes dépendances au pH du système. Le développement d’un analogue non-enzymatique de la gluconéogenèse semble réalisable, à condition de débloquer les étapes de phosphorylation, par exemple dans des milieux spécifiques et énergétiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis aims to investigate some of the key biological mechanisms, especially those found in gluconeogenesis. The study of the first step shows that a single nonenzymatic phosphorylation mechanism, namely the phosphorylation of carboxylates to acyl phosphates, would have been sufficient to form all the core phosphorylated metabolites. In the investigation of the second step, we found that a set of mild and nonenzymatic conditions can be applied to all hydration reactions found at the heart of metabolism, opening the way to the development of complex reaction networks. Finally, by studying individually the subsequent steps of gluconeogenesis, we identified their requirements and developed sequential one-pot reactions. Our results suggest that most of the reactions of gluconeogenesis can be driven by acid-base catalysis in the absence of enzymes. Overall, each transformation of the pathway shows a preferential for acidic or basic conditions with several alternations between steps. Therefore, the nonenzymatic development of this pathway would have been favorable in places that present natural pH gradients, for instance, aqueous microdroplets.</dcterms:abstract>
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