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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Développement de nouvelles sondes fluorescentes pour la détection et l’analyse de bactéries en milieux complexes</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bactéries</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fluorescence</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Squaraine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nile red</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Peptide antimicrobien</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cytométrie en flux</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Squaraine</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les sondes fluorescentes sont un outil puissant pour la détection et l’étude des bactéries. Cette thèse a eu pour objectif de concevoir de nouvelles sondes fluorescentes pour le marquage et la détection des bactéries dans des échantillons d’urines. Nous avons étendu le domaine d’application des sondes dimériques fluorogènes « turn-on » au marquage des bactéries. Plusieurs sondes ont été synthétisées pour optimiser leurs interactions avec les bactéries et ont montré des résultats encourageants pour la détection des bactéries dans les urines. Puis, nous avons conçu une sonde peptidique fluorogène et solvatochrome en introduisant le fluorophore Nile Red dans la séquence d’un peptide antimicrobien selon différentes stratégies. Une approche combinant l’analyse par cytométrie en flux et le calcul d’un coefficient de polarisation des intensités de fluorescence mesurées dans deux canaux a été utilisée pour d’exploiter le caractère solvatochrome et fluorogène de notre sonde. Nos résultats suggèrent que la sonde et cette approche peuvent être utilisées pour analyser des changements subtils dans les enveloppes bactériennes en réponse à une pression extérieure.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Fluorescent probes represent powerful tools for the detection of bacteria and the understanding of their inner workings. At first, this thesis aimed to develop new fluorescent probes for the labeling and the detection of bacteria in urine samples. We showed that the concept of dimeric “turn-on” probes which emit upon binding to their target could be used to stain bacteria in urine samples. A series of dimeric probes were synthesized in order to improve their ability to label bacteria and showed promising results. Next, we designed bacteria-targeting fluorogenic peptides that differed by the attachment site of the environmentally sensitive Nile Red dye. To take advantage of the fluorogenic and solvatochromic properties of our probe, we adapted flow cytometry analysis to calculate the generalized polarization of fluorescence of single cells. Our probe and methodology enabled monitoring of the perturbations in the bacterial cell envelope by external stress factors.</dcterms:abstract>
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