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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Apport des images ALSAT-2 pour le suivi de l'étalement urbain et des images Pléiades pour la caractérisation du tissu urbain informel</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Contribution of ALSAT-2 images for monitoring urban sprawl and Pléiades images for characterizing the informal urban fabric</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Urbanisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Expansion urbaine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cartographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ALSAT-2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pléiades</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tissus urbains informels</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Urban Expansion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mapping</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ALSAT-2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pléiades</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Informal Urban Fabrics</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L'urbanisation rapide représente un défi majeur du XXIe siècle. Depuis 2008, la population urbaine mondiale dépasse la population rurale. Le taux de croissance urbaine, selon l'ONU-Habitat, atteindra 90 % dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu d'ici 2050. En Afrique, l'urbanisation a bondi de 14 % en 1950 à 40 % en 2018, portée par des migrations et des facteurs socio-économiques. L'Algérie illustre ce phénomène avec un taux d'urbanisation passé de 31,4 % en 1966 à 72,63 % en 2018. Cependant, cette croissance pose des défis de gestion des ressources et d’infrastructures et mobilité. Oran, par exemple, connaît une densification excessive et une fragmentation urbaine. Malgré les programmes de contrôle, l'étalement urbain persiste. Cette thèse analyse ces transformations via des images satellitaires ALSAT-2 et Pléiades, en proposant des méthodologies pour mieux comprendre et gérer l'étalement urbain, et identifie l’habitat informel en vue d'une meilleure planification.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Rapid urbanization represents a major challenge of the 21st century. Since 2008, the global urban population has exceeded the rural population. According to UN-Habitat, the urban growth rate will reach 90% in low- and middle-income countries by 2050. In Africa, urbanization surged from 14% in 1950 to 40% in 2018, driven by migration and socio-economic factors. Algeria exemplifies this trend, with an urbanization rate increasing from 31.4% in 1966 to 72.63% in 2018. However, this growth presents challenges in resource management, infrastructure, and mobility. Oran, for instance, experiences excessive densification and urban fragmentation. Despite control programs, urban sprawl persists. This thesis analyzes these transformations using ALSAT-2 and Pléiades satellite images, proposing methodologies to better understand and manage urban sprawl while identifying informal settlements to support improved planning.</dcterms:abstract>
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