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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle de PARP3 dans la mécanoréponse cellulaire de cellules cancéreuses</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Role of PARP3 in the cellular mechanoresponse of cancer cells</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">PARP3</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce projet de thèse se focalise sur l’étude du potentiel rôle mécanosensible de PARP3 dans un modèle de cancer agressif, le glioblastome. PARP3 fait partie de la famille des poly(ADP-ribose) polymérases, une famille de 17 membres qui catalysent l’ajout d’un ou de plusieurs résidus d’ADP-ribose sur des protéines acceptrices. Il s’agit d’une protéine identifiée dans la réparation de cassures double-brins de l’ADN, dans la différenciation cellulaire mais également dans la progression tumorale. Dans ce travail, nous révélons que la disruption de PARP3 (Crispr/Cas9) dans un modèle cellulaire de glioblastome (lignée U373-MG) modifie différents processus cellulaires mécanosensibles (prolifération, adhésion, migration) et la structure du cytosquelette d’actomyosine et de lamines. Par RNAseq, nous montrons que la disruption de PARP3 altère l’expression transcriptionnelle de différents gènes relatifs à des éléments mécanosensibles (voies de signalisation, matrice extracellulaire). Par microscopie à force atomique et par test de digestion à la MNase, nous révélons respectivement que l’absence de PARP3 modifie la rigidité nucléaire et la compaction de la chromatine. Des expériences d’immunofluorescence, nous ont permis de définir PARP3 comme une protéine mécanosensible car sa localisation subcellulaire est dépendante de la rigidité du support de culture. Enfin, ce travail offre également un large panel de données (ATACseq, RNAseq, protéomique) permettant une approche mécanistique du rôle de PARP3 dans la mécanoréponse cellulaire.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis project focuses on studying the potential mechanosensitive role of PARP3 in an aggressive cancer model, the glioblastoma. PARP3 belongs to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, a family of 17 members that catalyze the addition of one or more ADP- ribose residues onto acceptor proteins. PARP3 plays a role in DNA double-strand breaks repair, in cell differentiation, but also in tumor progression. In this work, we reveal that disrupting PARP3 (Crispr/Cas9) in a glioblastoma cell model (U373-MG cell line) impacts various mechanosensitive cellular processes (proliferation, adhesion, migration) as well as the structure of the actomyosin and lamin cytoskeletons. RNAseq studies reveals that the absence of PARP3 alters the transcriptional expression of various genes related to mechanosensitive elements (signaling pathways, extracellular matrix). By atomic force microscopy and MNase digestion tests, we respectively reveal that the absence of PARP3 modifies nuclear rigidity and chromatin compaction. By immunofluorescence experiments, we show that PARP3 is a mechanosensitive protein since its subcellular localization depends on the stiffness of the culture substrate. Finally, this work also provides a wide range of data (ATACseq, RNAseq, proteomics) that permit to progress on the mechanistic role of PARP3 in the mechanoresponse of tumour cells.</dcterms:abstract>
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