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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Craniofacial analysis of Down syndrome rodent models</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Analyse crâniofaciale des modèles de rongeurs du syndrome de Down</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Trisomie 21</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Syndrome de Down</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Crâniofacial SD dysmorphie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modèles murins du SD</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gènes sensibles au dosage</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Syndrome de DiGeorge</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Trisomy 21</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Down syndrome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DS craniofacial dysmorphism</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les altérations les plus fréquentes et les plus caractéristiques du syndrome de Down (SD) sont les troubles de l'apprentissage et la dysmorphie crâniofaciale (CF). Le phénotype CF comprend des dimensions réduites de la tête, une brachycéphalie, une région orbitale médio-latérale réduite, une largeur bizygomatique réduite, un petit maxillaire, une petite mandibule et une variabilité individuelle accrue. Jusqu'à présent, les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires qui sous-tendent ce phénotype CF restent inconnus. Cette thèse, utilisant un nouveau panel de modèles de rats et de souris, a proposé de nouveaux gènes candidats pour le phénotype SD-CF. Nous avons confirmé le rôle de Dyrk1a dans la brachycéphalie du neurocrâne et identifié le surdosage du facteur de transcription Ripply3 pour le raccourcissement de la face médiane par la sous-régulation de Tbx1, un autre facteur de transcription impliqué dans des phénotypes similaires trouvés dans le syndrome de DiGeorge. Nous avons défini de nouveaux gènes sensibles au dosage responsables des malformations du SD-CF, et de nouveaux modèles ont été proposés pour sauver le phénotype SD-CF. Ces nouvelles connaissances pourraient également permettre de mieux comprendre les phénotypes cérébraux et cardiovasculaires spécifiques observés chez les mutants Tbx1 et les modèles de DS.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The most frequent and distinctive alterations found in Down syndrome (DS) are learning disability and craniofacial (CF) dysmorphism. The CF phenotype includes reduced head dimensions, brachycephaly, reduced mediolateral orbital region, reduced bizygomatic breadth, small maxilla, small mandible, and increased individual variability. Until now, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this CF phenotype remain unknown. This thesis, using a new panel of rats and mice models proposed new candidate genes for the DS-CF phenotype. We confirmed the role of Dyrk1a in neurocranium brachycephaly and identified the overdosage of the transcription factor Ripply3 for midface shortening through the downregulation of Tbx1, another transcription factor involved in similar phenotypes was found in Di George Syndrome. We defined new dosage-sensitive genes responsible for DS-CF malformations, and new models were proposed to rescue the DS-CF phenotype. This new knowledge may also lead to insights for specific brain and cardiovascular phenotypes observed in Tbx1 mutants and DS models.</dcterms:abstract>
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