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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Adaptations physiologiques et comportementales des éléphants de mer du sud (Mirounga leonina) face aux environnements et événements extrêmes rencontrés tout au long de leur vie</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Physiological and behavioral adaptations of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) to face extreme environments and extreme events throughout their life</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Balance énergétique</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse vise à comprendre les adaptations physiologiques et comportementales des éléphants de mer du sud face aux événements extrêmes que représentent les plongées extrêmes et les phases à terre, récurrentes tout au long de leur cycle. Ce travail montre que les animaux présentent une grand variabilité de réponse, selon les conditions environnementales et leur condition physiologique. La condition corporelle apparaît centrale dans les adaptations exprimées, dès le sevrage. En particulier, le post-sevrage apparaît comme une phase critique où le compromis entre la condition corporelle au départ en mer et le conditionnement pour les plongées à venir s’exprime au travers de comportements d’entraînements différents. Ces résultats montrent aussi qu’à l’échelle cellulaire, ces animaux semblent présenter une plasticité métabolique permettant de faire face à la demande énergétique importante à terre, que ce soit pour une activité physique intense, la lactation, ou la mue. Ce travail [présente] désormais la question des conséquences à plus long terme de cette variabilité individuelle, à l’échelle du cycle suivant, et de la vie de l’individu.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis aims to understand the physiological and behavioral adaptations of southern elephant seals to extreme events such as extreme dives and on-land periods that regularly occur throughout their cycle. This work shows that animals have a great variability of response, depending on environmental conditions and their physiological condition. Body condition is critical to responses, even from weaning. Specifically, different training behaviors express the compromise between body condition at departure and preconditioning for future dives during the crucial post-weaning period. These results also show that these animals seem to have an incredible metabolic plasticity, allowing them to meet the important energy demand on land, whether for intense physical activity, lactation, or molt. This work now raises the question of the longer-term consequences of this individual variability for the next cycle and the life of the individual.</dcterms:abstract>
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