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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">L'immunoprivilège dans la toxoplasmose oculaire : rôle des interférons de type I et III et de PD-L1 dans la dynamique de l'infection</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The immune privilege in ocular toxoplasmosis : the role of type I and III interferons and PD-L1 in the infection dynamic</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Toxoplasmose oculaire</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ocular toxoplasmosis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La toxoplasmose oculaire (TO) est une uvéite causée par Toxoplasma gondii. L’oeil bénéficie d’un immunoprivilège, limitant l’inflammation pour éviter des dommages irréversibles. Toutefois, ce contrôle doit être dynamique pour éliminer l’infection sans réponse excessive. Cette thèse explore l'impact des interférons I et III sur la perméabilité de la barrière hémato-rétinienne externe et la sécrétion cytokinique rétinienne. Nous montrons que les souches virulentes induisent une réponse inflammatoire et que les interférons renforcent les jonctions serrées. Nous décrivons aussi un mécanisme parasitaire de déplétion de PD-L1, un ligand immunomodulateur, et soulignons le rôle clé des cellules de Müller dans l’immunoprivilège rétinien. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles stratégies pour moduler l’immunité rétinienne et mieux comprendre les interactions hôte-pathogène dans la TO.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is a uveitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The eye benefits from immune privilege, limiting inflammation to prevent irreversible damage. However, this regulation must be dynamic to eliminate infection without excessive immune responses. This thesis explores the impact of type I and III interferons on the permeability of the outer blood-retinal barrier and retinal cytokine secretion. We show that virulent strains induce an inflammatory response, while interferons strengthen tight junctions. We also describe a parasite-driven mechanism leading to PD-L1 depletion, an immunomodulatory ligand, and highlight the key role of Müller cells in retinal immune privilege. These findings pave the way for new strategies to modulate retinal immunity and better understand host-pathogen interactions in OT.</dcterms:abstract>
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