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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Study of endothelial senescence and dysfunction promoting cardiovascular disease : role of inflammation and oxidative stress, and potential protective effect of natural products</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Étude de la sénescence et de la dysfonction endothéliales contribuant au développement des pathologies cardiovasculaires : rôle de la réponse inflammatoire et du stress oxydant et potentiel de l’effet protecteur de produits naturels</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cardiovasculaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ROS</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Extraits naturels</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transplantation cardiaque</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SGLT2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cardiovascular disease</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Heart transplantation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont la première cause de mortalité mondiale, liées au vieillissement et au dysfonctionnement endothélial. Le tabagisme, la pollution, l’hypertension, l’obésité et le diabète augmentent la production de ROS, favorisant l’athérosclérose et les infarctus. L’endothélium maintient l’intégrité vasculaire grâce au monoxyde d’azote (NO), essentiel au flux sanguin. Les produits naturels riches en polyphénols, comme les baies, exercent des effets vasorelaxants et vasoprotecteurs. L’étude a examiné les extraits d’Actinidia arguta, Boesenbergia rotunda et son de riz et leurs principaux composés. La réactivité vasculaire, la production de ROS et l’expression protéique ont été analysées par diverses méthodes. La tige d’Actinidia arguta induit une vasorelaxation endothélium-dépendante via la voie PI3K/eNOS/cGMP.Boesenbergia rotunda provoque une vasorelaxation par l’augmentation du NO-cGMP et le blocage des canaux calciques. Le son de riz rouge est le plus efficace, riche en polyphénols/flavonoïdes, dont la taxifoline, qui protège contre la sénescence induite par PM10. Le gamma-oryzanol du son de riz prévient le dysfonctionnement endothélial et la sénescence prématurée. Les extraits naturels étudiés montrent des effets antioxydants et anti-sénescents puissants. La transplantation cardiaque est cruciale pour l’insuffisance cardiaque terminale, mais expose au rejet et à l’inflammation. Les inhibiteurs de SGLT2, initialement antidiabétiques, montrent des bénéfices cardiovasculaires et réduisent le stress oxydatif. L’expression de SGLT1/2 est corrélée à l’inflammation, l’activation des NADPH oxydases et le remodelage endothélial. L’inhibition de SGLT2 pourrait être une stratégie prometteuse pour protéger les cœurs transplantés.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is closely linked to endothelial aging and dysfunction Risk factors such as smoking, air pollution, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to atherosclerosis and heart attacks. The endothelium maintains vascular health mainly through nitric oxide (NO), which regulates blood flow and vascular tone. Natural products rich in polyphenols, like certain plant extracts, have vasorelaxant and vasoprotective effects on the endothelium. The study examined the vasorelaxant effects and mechanisms of Actinidia arguta stem, Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes, and rice bran extracts. Vascular reactivity and ROS sources were measured using various assays, and main compounds were identified by HPLC-NMR. Actinidia arguta stem induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation via increased eNOS and Akt phosphorylation. Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes caused vasorelaxation by enhancing NO-cGMP and blocking calcium channels. Red rice bran was the most effective, inducing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation through the PI3K/eNOS/cGMP pathway. Red rice bran contained high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, especially taxifolin, which protected against PM10-induced senescence. Oryzanol, a polyphenol from rice bran, prevented endothelial dysfunction and premature senescence caused by PM10. Heart transplantation is a crucial treatment for end-stage heart failure but carries risks of rejection and inflammation. SGLT2 inhibitors, originally for diabetes, provide cardiovascular benefits by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Higher pathological grades in transplant patients correlated with increased inflammatory markers and SGLT1/2 expression. SGLT2 inhibition may be a promising strategy to protect transplanted hearts by reducing oxidative stress and preserving function.</dcterms:abstract>
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