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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">L'universalité de la liberté de religion en question</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Liberté de religion</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Freedom of religion</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le droit international protège la « liberté de religion » comme une liberté universelle, en tant que droit de l’homme. La réalité de cette universalité est pourtant équivoque. L’étude des fondements philosophiques de la liberté de religion ne permet pas de dissiper cette ambigüité. La thèse explore également les contours de la protection internationale de cette liberté, sans omettre les divergences entre instances. La liberté de religion se révèle alors être indissociable d’une pensée libérale et occidentale. L’absence d’universalité apparaît encore plus manifeste lorsque sont examinées les pensées critiques de la liberté de religion. Certaines, d’origine religieuse ou politique, sont historiques. Une autre critique, récente, est née au sein même du libéralisme occidental et est qualifiée dans cette thèse de « libérale-égalitarienne ». Cet ensemble de critiques souligne la fragilité de la liberté de religion, y compris au sein de l’espace civilisationnel qui l’a fait émerger.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">International law protects “freedom of religion” as a universal freedom, recognized as a human right. However, the reality of this universality is ambiguous. The study of the philosophical foundations of religious freedom does not dispel this ambiguity. The thesis also explores the contours of the international protection of this freedom, without omitting the divergences between international bodies. Freedom of religion thus appears intrinsically linked to a liberal and Western intellectual framework. The absence of true universality becomes even more evident when examining critical perspectives on freedom of religion. Some of these critiques, whether religious or political in origin, are historical. Another, more recent critique has emerged within Western liberalism itself and is referred to in this thesis as 'liberal-egalitarian'. This set of critiques underscores the fragility of religious freedom, even within the civilizational sphere that originally nurtured its emergence.</dcterms:abstract>
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