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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La réparation des séquelles de la traite négrière transatlantique et de l'esclavage colonial français : obstacles juridiques et perspectives politiques</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Reparation for the aftermath of the transatlantic slave trade and french colonial slavery : legal obstacles and political perspectives</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Esclavage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réparation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droit</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prescription</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Responsabilité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Indemnisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mémoire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Justice</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Colonisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Crime contre l’humanité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Haïti</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">France</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Slavery</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Reparation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Compensation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Slaves</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Responsibility</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Memory policy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Justice</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Colonization</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’esclavage colonial français, mis en place au milieu du XVIIe siècle, a été aboli définitivement par le décret du 27 avril 1848. Qualifié d’attentat contre la dignité humaine par ce décret, il était alors jugé incompatible avec les valeurs de la nouvelle République. L’anéantissement de cette institution qui a été mise en place par l’État et qui est resté active pendant plus de deux siècles, n’a pu se faire sans difficulté. Il était en effet hors de question d’enlever aux colons leurs esclaves sans dédommagement. C’était une question de justice, s’excusait le gouvernement français. Comme ceux de Saint-Domingue (Haïti), les colons des Quatre Vieilles furent par conséquent indemnisés. Pourtant, aucune indemnisation n’a été prévue pour les anciens esclaves et leurs ayants droit qui allaient par conséquent subir cette injustice de génération en génération. Le temps passant, l’esclavage est désormais considéré comme crime contre l’humanité, les descendants des victimes du système esclavagiste réclament à présent réparation. Une démarche osée, originale, interpellant le droit positif français qui est donc mis à l’épreuve pour juger des faits remontant à plus de deux siècles. En fait, permettra-t-il aux requérants d’obtenir satisfaction par la voie judiciaire ? Sinon, faut-il complètement abandonner ou rejeter cette idée de réparation ou, au contraire, créer des mécanismes extra-judiciaires propres à satisfaire les descendants d’esclaves dans leurs revendications ? Cette thèse apporte une réponse en démontrant qu’une forme de réparation, éloignée certes du paradigme judiciaire en raison des obstacles du droit positif qu’elle a détaillés, est non seulement possible, mais surtout réalisable.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">French colonial slavery, introduced in the mid-17th century, was definitively abolished by decree on April 27, 1848. Described by this decree as an attack on human dignity, it was deemed incompatible with the values of the new Republic. The annihilation of this institution, which had been set up by the State and remained active for over two centuries, was not an easy task. It was out of the question to take slaves away from the colonists without compensation. It was a "matter of justice», the French government stated. Like those in Saint-Domingue (Haïti), the colonists in the "Four Old Colonies" were therefore compensated. However, no compensation was provided for the former slaves and their heirs, who would consequently suffer this injustice from generation to generation. With the passage of time, slavery is now considered a crime against humanity, and their descendants are now demanding reparation. It's a daring, original approach, challenging French positive law, which is being put to the test to judge facts dating back more than two centuries. Would such an endeavor enables the claimants to obtain satisfaction through legal channels? If not, should the idea of reparation be abandoned or rejected altogether, or should extra-judicial mechanisms be created to satisfy the claims of the descendants of slaves? This thesis provides an answer by demonstrating that a form of reparation, albeit far removed from the judicial paradigm due to the obstacles in positive law that it has detailed, is not only possible, but above all achievable.</dcterms:abstract>
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