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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Dynamics of galaxies as probes to constrain gravity models</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">La dynamique des galaxies comme sonde pour contraindre les modèles de gravité</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gravitation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matière noire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Galaxies : évolution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Galaxies : amas : général</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Galaxies : amas : individuel : Coma</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Galaxies : cinématique et dynamique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Astrophysique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Astrophysique des galaxies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gravitation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dark matter</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Galaxies: evolution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Galaxies: clusters: general</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Galaxies: clusters: individual: Coma</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Astrophysics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Astrophysics of galaxies</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans cette thèse, nous testons des modèles cosmologiques et gravitationnels (Lambda CDM et MOND) à l'aide de simulations idéalisées de galaxies. Les galaxies ultra-diffuses (UDGs) de l'amas de Coma montrent des dispersions de vitesse plus élevées que celles prévues par MOND. Nos simulations en MOND révèlent que le chauffage par effet de marée de l'amas est insuffisant pour expliquer cela, mais que des UDGs en première chute radiale peuvent conserver des dispersions de vitesse élevées jusqu'à leur premier passage au périhélie. Dans le contexte Lambda CDM, nous simulons des galaxies à disque avec diverses propriétés de halo de matière noire, masses de gaz, cinématiques et bulbes. Nous trouvons que des halos massifs, des bulbes et des disques stellaires chauds inhibent la formation de barres, tandis que des concentrations de halos différentes modulent leur force. En utilisant les critères de Toomre Q, ELN et la fraction de force baryonique, nous construisons des espaces paramétriques pour évaluer la susceptibilité aux instabilités.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this thesis, we test cosmological and gravitational models (Lambda CDM and MOND) using idealized galaxy simulations. Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Coma cluster exhibit higher velocity dispersions than MOND predicts. Our MOND simulations show that tidal heating from the cluster cannot account for this but that UDGs on a first radial infall can maintain high velocity dispersions without destruction until their first pericentric passage. In the Lambda CDM context, we simulate disc galaxies with varying dark matter halo properties, gas masses, disc kinematics, and bulges. We find that massive halos, bulges, and hot stellar discs inhibit bar formation, while different halo concentrations affect bar strength. Using three instability criteria Toomre Q, ELN, and baryonic force fraction, we construct parameter spaces to assess bar susceptibility. These criteria allow to highlight the roles of different components in bar dynamics.</dcterms:abstract>
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