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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Propriétés émergentes dans un réseau de réactions enzymatiques et dans des systèmes chimiques compartimentés</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chimie des systèmes</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réseau de réactions enzymatiques</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La cellule illustre comment des comportements dynamiques et adaptatifs peuvent émerger d’interactions moléculaires simples opérant loin de l’équilibre. Cette thèse étudie comment nous pouvons reproduire ces comportements dans des systèmes chimiques synthétiques afin d’apporter un éclairage sur la complexité cellulaire. Elle présente trois approches distinctes qui capturent des aspects essentiels des fonctions cellulaires dynamiques. La première concerne un réseau enzymatique de phosphorylation–déphosphorylation présentant un comportement oscillatoire. La deuxième met en œuvre des compartiments à base de coacervats maintenus dans des conditions hors d’équilibre grâce à un contrôle enzymatique, montrant leur désassemblage transitoire et leurs transformations contrôlées. La troisième explore des assemblages moléculaires photo-réactifs confinés dans ces compartiments, démontrant comment le confinement spatial contrôle les changements structuraux induits par la lumière. Ensemble, ces études démontrent comment des systèmes chimiques simples peuvent être organisés pour présenter des propriétés émergentes ressemblant à la complexité de la matière vivante.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The cell illustrates how dynamic and adaptive behaviors can emerge from simple molecular interactions operating far from equilibrium. This thesis investigates how we can mimic these behaviors in synthetic chemical systems to provide insight into cellular complexity. It presents three distinct approaches that capture key aspects of dynamic cellular functions. The first involves a phosphorylation–dephosphorylation enzymatic network that exhibits oscillatory behaviour. The second uses coacervate-based compartments maintained in out-of-equilibrium conditions via enzymatic control, showing their transient disassembly and controlled transformations. The third explores light-responsive molecular assemblies confined within these compartments, demonstrating how spatial confinement can control light-induced structural changes. Together, these studies demonstrate how simple chemical systems can be organized to exhibit emergent properties resembling the complexity of living matter.</dcterms:abstract>
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