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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Sample preparation and method development towards new nanometric probes for cryo electron tomography</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Développement de sondes nanométriques pour détecter des macromolécules en microscopie cryo électronique par tomographie</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cryo-tomographie électronique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cryo-ET</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">In situ Cryo-ET</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cryo FIB-SEM</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CEMOVIS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Immunogold</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cryo-electron tomography</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cryo-ET</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">In situ Cryo-ET</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cryo FIB-SEM</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="232445583" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Imagerie tridimensionnelle haute résolution</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029620201" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Cellules eucaryotes</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La cellule eucaryote est un système compact et hétérogène et dans ce contexte, l'imagerie à haute résolution par cryo-tomographie électronique (cryo-ET) a permis de révéler des aspects structurels macromoléculaires in situ qui ne pouvait être atteint par l'analyse de molécules isolées in vitro. Cependant, dans l’environnement cellulaire encombré, l’identification de biomolécules est une tâche difficile. Pour repérer les molécules individuelles en imagerie à haute résolution, les macromolécules sont ciblées in vivo avec des sondes conjuguées à des nanoparticules d’or. Nous avons choisi l’ARN polymérase II (pol II) comme cible. La pol II est chargée de transcrire l’information stockée sous forme d’ADN en ARN messager chez les organismes eucaryotes. Aucune image à ce jour n’a permis de visualiser ou de localiser directement la pol II in situ. La détermination de l'organisation des condensats de Pol II et leur interaction avec la chromatine et les machineries d'épissage fournirait des informations essentielles sur la transcription eucaryote. Pol II est une protéine globulaire de taille moyenne, rare en dehors des sites de transcription. Le développement de procédures de marquage avec des sondes nanométriques permettrait d'obtenir sa localisation. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, j'ai abordé les défis techniques suivants : marquage in vivoVitrification complète de la cellule Amincissement des cellules pour la cryo-ET. Ces optimisations et procédures ont été intégrées dans un workflow qui m’a permis de visualiser et de localiser les particules d’or des conjugués in situ.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The eukaryotic cell is a compact, heterogeneous system, and in this context, high-resolution imaging by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) has made it possible to reveal in situ macromolecular structural aspects that could not be achieved by single particle analysis in vitro. However, in the dense cellular environment, biomolecule identification is a difficult task. To spot individual molecules in high-resolution imaging, macromolecules are targeted in vivo with probes conjugated to gold nanoparticles. We chose RNA polymerase II (pol II) as our target. Pol II is responsible for transcribing information stored as DNA into messenger RNA in eukaryotic organisms. To date, no images have made it possible to directly visualize or localize pol II in situ. Determining the organization of Pol II condensates and their interaction with chromatin and splicing machinery would provide essential information on eukaryotic transcription. Pol II is a medium-sized globular protein, rare outside transcription sites. The development of labelling procedures with nanometric probes would make it possible to obtain its localization. To achieve these goals, I tackled the following technical challenges : In vivo labelling Complete cell vitrificationCell thinning for cryo-ETThese optimizations and procedures were integrated into a workflow that enabled me to visualize and localize the conjugate gold particles in situ.</dcterms:abstract>
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