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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development and identification of defluorination enzymes by ultra-high-throughput screening in microfluidic droplets</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Développement et identification d’enzymes de défluoration par criblage ultrahaut-débit en gouttelettes microfluidiques</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">PFAS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fluoroacétate déhalogénase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microfluidique en gouttelettes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Évolution dirigée</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Système d’expression cell-free</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biosenseur FluorMango</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bioremédiation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ingénierie enzymatique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PFAS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Defluorination</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fluoroacetate dehalogenase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Droplet microfluidics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Directed evolution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cell-free protein expression</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FluorMango biosensor</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bioremediation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Enzyme engineering</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031989101" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Biotechnologie appliquée à l'environnement</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les substances per- et polyfluoroalkylées (PFAS), dites « polluants éternels », sont des polluants synthétiques dont la persistance exceptionnelle repose sur la liaison carbone-fluor. Les stratégies de remédiation actuelles sont coûteuses, énergivores ou insuffisamment efficaces, faisant de la bioremédiation une alternative prometteuse. Cette thèse développe deux plateformes de microfluidique en gouttelettes à ultra-haut débit. Ces dernières reposent sur l’utilisation de FluorMango, un biosenseur fluorogène des ions de fluorures précédemment développé au sein de notre laboratoire, afin de découvrir et de faire évoluer des enzymes de défluoration vis-à-vis de différents substrats fluorés. L’approche in vivo permet le criblage direct d'échantillons environnementaux contaminés pour isoler des souches microbiennes capables de défluorer des substrats fluorés. Un example de ces souches est Caballeronia sp. S22, qui contient l’enzyme CBDF1 capable de dégrader le fluoroacétate et le monofluoropropionate. Un effet d'induction gouvernant cette activité a été caractérisé, et la souche est envisagée comme organisme de référence prometteur pour de futures applications de bioremédiation. L’approche in vitro, permet l'évolution dirigée de déhalogénases sans les contraintes d’un système in vivo. Des études structurales ont aussi guidé la conception de banques de mutants, et des analyses in silico ont démontré qu'un pipeline d'ingénierie complet est réalisable pour optimiser ces enzymes vers des substrats fluorés plus complexes. En conclusion, ces deux pipelines complémentaires fournissent les bases méthodologiques des futurs projets d'ingénierie enzymatique visant à dégrader les PFAS à un niveau industriel, un défi qui reste ouvert mais désormais plus accessible.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as "forever chemicals," are synthetic pollutants whose exceptional persistence stems from the strong carbon-fluorine bond. Current remediation strategies remain costly, energy-intensive, or insufficiently effective, making bioremediation a promising alternative. This thesis addresses this gap by developing two ultrahigh-throughput droplet microfluidic platforms. Both rely on FluorMango, a fluorogenic biosensor of fluoride ions previously developed in our laboratory, to discover and evolve defluorination enzymes against different fluorinated substrates. The in vivo pipeline enables direct screening of environmentally contaminated samples to isolate microbial strains capable of defluorinating fluorinated substrates. One such strain, Caballeronia sp. S22, is shown to harbor CBDF1 which can degrade both fluoroacetate and monofluoropropionate. A critical induction effect governing this activity was further characterized, and the strain is considered a promising chassis organism for future bioremediation applications. The in vitro pipeline, enables directed evolution of dehalogenase scaffolds without the constraints of a cellular host. Structural studies further guided mutant library design, and in silico analysis demonstrated that a complete engineering pipeline is achievable to optimize these enzymes toward more complex substrates. Together, these two complementary pipelines provide the methodological foundation for future enzyme engineering campaigns targeting industrially relevant PFAS, a challenge that remains open but now more tractable.</dcterms:abstract>
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