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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Functional characterization of newly identified genes in human primary immunodeficiency</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation fonctionnelle de nouveaux variants identifiés dans le déficit primaire primitif</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Déficits immunitaires primitifs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">RABGGTA</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">RABGGTB</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ITPR2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Trafic vésiculaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prénylation des protéines</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Signalisation calcique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dérégulation immunitaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Primary immunodeficiency</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">RABGGTA</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">RABGGTB</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ITPR2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vesicular trafficking</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Protein prenylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Calcium signaling</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Immune dysregulation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les déficits immunitaires primitifs (DIP) sont des maladies monogéniques rares qui altèrent la fonction du système immunitaire. Malgré les progrès de la génomique, de nombreux patients restent sans diagnostic génétique, ce qui souligne la nécessité de valider la fonction de nouveaux gènes candidats. Cette thèse porte principalement sur trois gènes associés aux DIP— RABGGTA et RABGGTB impliqués dans le trafic vésiculaire ainsi qu'ITPR2 impliqué dans la signalisation calcique. Un variant biallélique de RABGGTA a été identifié chez 23 patients dans la sous-unité α de la RabGGTase. Ce variant affecte l’interaction entre les sous- unités α et β, ainsi que l’activité enzymatique, entraînant une hypoprénylation systémique ainsi qu’une localisation ectopique de ses substrats, les protéines Rab. De même, un nouveau variant de RABGGTB diminue la stabilité de la protéine et sa fonction enzymatique, empêchant l’adressage membranaire des protéines Rab. Ces deux variants provoquent un défaut de prénylation des Rabs conduisant à l’immunodéficience, à l’autoinflammation et aux troubles de la coagulation. De plus, un nouveau variant d’ITPR2, identifié chez un patient présentant une lymphopénie sévère des cellules B et T, perturbe la libération du calcium réticulo- endoplasmique, indiquant qu’un dysfonctionnement de la signalisation calcique est un autre mécanisme contribuant à la dérégulation immunitaire.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are rare monogenic disorders that impair immune function. Despite genomic advances, many patients remain undiagnosed, underscoring the need to validate novel candidate genes functionally. This thesis mainly investigates three PID- associated genes — RABGGTA, RABGGTB, and ITPR2 — involved in vesicular trafficking and calcium signaling. A biallelic RABGGTA variant, the first human defect in the α-subunit of RabGGTase, disrupted subunit α-β interaction, reduced enzymatic activity, and caused systemic hypoprenylation with Rab mislocalization. Similarly, a novel RABGGTB variant decreased protein stability and enzyme function, leading to an ectopic localization of Rabs. Both variants are mechanistically linked to defective Rab prenylation to immunodeficiency, autoinflammation, and bleeding. In addition, a novel ITPR2 variant, identified in a patient with severe B- and T-cell lymphopenia, impaired ER calcium release in CRISPR-edited Jurkat cells, indicating that defective calcium signaling is another contributor to immune dysregulation.</dcterms:abstract>
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