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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Approche biomécanique de l’optimisation de la réparation tissulaire</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biomécanique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cohésion tissulaire</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nerf périphérique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nerf sciatique de poulet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Guides de repousse nerveuse</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Méthodes alternatives à l’expérimentation animale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomechanics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tissue cohesion</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sutures</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Peripheral nerve</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chicken sciatic nerve</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La restauration de la cohésion tissulaire repose principalement sur les sutures, dont les limites biologiques et mécaniques justifient l’étude de solutions alternatives. Cette thèse évalue les propriétés biomécaniques de tissus mous sains, suturés et collés, ainsi que celles de guides de repousse nerveuse. Elle caractérise également le nerf sciatique de poulet comme modèle ex vivo pour l’étude des réparations nerveuses, dans une démarche visant à remplacer, réduire et raffiner l’utilisation des animaux à des fins scientifiques, et compare ses propriétés à celles d’autres modèles. Des essais de traction simples et cycliques ont été réalisés sur la peau, le muscle, le tendon et le nerf, puis sur des assemblages obtenus avec différentes colles, notamment cyanoacrylate et biosourcée. Les sutures conservent globalement les meilleures performances mécaniques. Certaines colles présentent néanmoins des propriétés proches et pourraient constituer un complément pertinent pour les tissus fragiles ou difficilement suturables.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The restoration of tissue cohesion relies primarily on sutures, whose biological and mechanical limitations justify the investigation of alternative solutions. This thesis evaluates the biomechanical properties of healthy, sutured, and bonded soft tissues, as well as those of nerve guidance conduits. It also characterizes the chicken sciatic nerve as an ex vivo model for studying nerve repair, as part of an approach aimed at replacing, reducing, and refining the use of animals for scientific purposes, and compares its properties with those of other models. Simple and cyclic tensile tests were performed on skin, muscle, tendon, and nerve samples, followed by testing of assemblies produced using different adhesives, including cyanoacrylate and bio-based adhesives. Overall, sutures retain the best mechanical performance. Nevertheless, some adhesives exhibit similar properties and could provide a valuable adjunct for fragile tissues or tissues that are difficult to suture.</dcterms:abstract>
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