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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Impact of histological classification of atherosclerotic plaques in lower limb peripheral arterial disease</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Impact de la classification histologique des plaques d’athérome dans l’artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stents vasculaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Calcification artérielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Techniques histologiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tomodensitométrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Intelligence artificielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Peripheral arterial disease</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Femoral artery</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vascular calcification</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Histology</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs (AOMI) est associée à un taux élevé d’échec des traitements endovasculaires. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser l’impact de la classification histologique des plaques d’athérome sur les mécanismes d’échec endovasculaire et sur la stratégie thérapeutique dans l’AOMI. D’abord, une approche combinant revues systématiques et analyses d’explants a permis de démontrer que l’échec des stents est un phénomène thrombotique et dépendant des calcifications plutôt qu’exclusivement lié à l’hyperplasie. Ensuite une corrélation micro-scanner / histologie a permis d’établir une classification des calcifications (nodulaires, en nappes, médiales), montrant leur hétérogénéité morphologique et leur implication mécanique. Un dernier axe translationnel a consisté à développer un pipeline d’intelligence artificielle intégrant des algorithmes de super-résolution et des architectures de deep-learning pour segmenter automatiquement les plaques à partir de scanner, avec une caractérisation quasi histologique. Ces travaux posent les bases d’une stratification lésionnelle personnalisée de l’AOMI.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains associated with high rates of endovascular failure. The objective was to investigate how histological plaque classification influences mechanisms of device failure and therapeutic decision-making in PAD. First, through systematic reviews and arterial explant analyses, we demonstrated that femoropopliteal stent failure is predominantly a thrombotic and calcification-driven process rather than a purely neointimal one. Second, micro-CT and histology co-registration enabled the development of a structural classification of calcifications (nodular, fibrocalcific sheet-like, and medial), highlighting their morphological heterogeneity and distinct mechanical implications. Finally, a translational pipeline integrating super-resolution imaging and deep learning architectures was developed to enable automated plaque segmentation directly from clinical computed tomography angiography, approaching histology-level characterization. Altogether, this work establishes the foundation for lesion-specific stratification in PAD and the development of device-tailored endovascular strategies.</dcterms:abstract>
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