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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Effets dose-dépendants de Dyrk1a sur le développement des interneurones corticaux : mécanismes et implications de sa dérégulation dans le syndrome DYRK1A et la trisomie 21</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Dose-dependent effects of Dyrk1a on the development of cortical interneurons : mechanisms and implications of its dysregulation in DYRK1A and Down syndromes</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neurodéveloppement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">DYRK1A</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Interneurones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Trisomie 21</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Syndrome DYRK1A</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neurodevelopment</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DYRK1A</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Interneurons</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Down syndrome</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les interneurones corticaux GABAergiques jouent un rôle central dans l’établissement de l’équilibre excitation/inhibition des réseaux neuronaux. Le gène DYRK1A, localisé sur le chromosome 21 humain, est un régulateur majeur du développement cérébral dont le dosage est critique : son haploinsuffisance est à l’origine du syndrome DYRK1A, tandis que sa surexpression contribue aux phénotypes associés à la trisomie 21. Cette thèse évalue l’impact dose-dépendant de Dyrk1a sur le développement des interneurones corticaux à l’aide de modèles murins. L’haploinsuffisance de Dyrk1a n’altère pas la prolifération des progéniteurs mais perturbe la migration tangentielle, en affectant la vitesse de déplacement, la nucléokinèse, la neuritogenèse et l’organisation du cytosquelette d’actomyosine. Le modèle de trisomie 21 modifie la dynamique du cycle cellulaire et induit également des anomalies migratoires. La restauration génétique du dosage de Dyrk1a dans ce modèle corrige la majorité de ces altérations, démontrant l’existence d’une fenêtre optimale de son expression nécessaire au développement des interneurones corticaux.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Cortical GABAergic interneurons are essential for establishing the excitation/inhibition balance of neuronal networks. DYRK1A, a dosage-sensitive gene located on human chromosome 21, is a key regulator of brain development: haploinsufficiency causes DYRK1A syndrome, whereas overexpression contributes to the phenotypes associated with Down syndrome. This thesis investigates the dose-dependent role of Dyrk1a in cortical interneuron development using mouse models. Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency does not affect progenitor proliferation but severely impairs tangential migration by altering migratory speed, nucleokinesis, neuritogenesis and actomyosin cytoskeleton organization. The Down syndrome model exhibits altered cell-cycle dynamics and migratory defects. Genetic restoration of Dyrk1a dosage in this model rescues most of these alterations, demonstrating that precise Dyrk1a dosage is required for normal interneuron development and supporting the existence of an optimal expression window controlling key neurodevelopmental processes.</dcterms:abstract>
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