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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Aux sources de la politique arabe de la France : le Second Empire au Machrek</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Napoléon III</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Levant</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Liban</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Syrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Canal de Suez</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Napoléon III</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Machriq</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Egypt, Lebanon</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Suez canal</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La politique arabe du Second Empire au Machrek fut avant tout le fruit des idées personnelles de Napoléon III, de l’histoire générale et des orientations de politique étrangère de la France entre 1850 et 1870. Ces soubassements posaient le cadre de l’action géopolitique du régime. La perception générale de l’Orient par l’Empereur ne plaça pas cette région au centre de ses préoccupations. Seule, la question chrétienne l’amena à vouloir faire aboutir l’héritage napoléonien de l’expédition d’Égypte. Son action se fonda sur deux axes. L’un concerna le protectorat chrétien de la France, menacé par la Russie et les puissances européennes, comme par les antagonismes intercommunautaires en Syrie et en Arabie. L’autre prit appui sur le canal de Suez, commandant le rôle de la France dans le réveil de L’Égypte, mais aussi dans son implantation en mer Rouge et dans le Golfe arabo-persique. A cette occasion, la France commença à développer une nouvelle arme diplomatique, l’exportation de capitaux.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The Arab policy of the Second Empire in the Mashriq was above all the fruit of the personal ideas of Napoleon III, the general history and the foreign policy orientations of France between 1850 and 1870. These foundations laid the framework for the geopolitical action of the regime. The Emperor’s general perception of the East didn’t place this region at the center of his concerns. Only the Christian question led him wanting to follow the Napoleonic heritage of the Egyptian expedition. Its action was based on two axes. One concerned the Christian protectorate of France, threatened by Russia and the European powers, as by inter-community antagonisms in Syria and Arabia. The other took support on the Suez Canal, commanding the role of France in the revival of Egypt, but also in
its establishment in the Red Sea and in the Arab-Persian Gulf. On this occasion, France began to develop a new diplomatic weapon, the export of capital.
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